Introduction to CPR
CPR, or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, is a critical life-saving technique used to revive individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. It is a vital skill that can be applied in various emergency situations, including heart attacks, drowning incidents, suffocation, or instances where breathing and heartbeat cease.
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CPR consists of two primary components: chest compressions and rescue breaths.
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Chest Compressions
Chest compressions are a crucial component of CPR and involve manually pressing down on the chest to simulate the pumping action of the heart. During cardiac arrest, the heart stops beating, leading to a lack of blood circulation in the body. Chest compressions help maintain blood flow to vital organs, especially the brain until a normal heart rhythm can be restored.
Here's how to perform effective chest compressions:
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- Place the victim on a flat, firm surface lying on their back.
- Position the heel of one hand on the center of the victim's breastbone.
- Place the other hand on top, interlacing your fingers for a secure grip.
- Administer compressions using your body weight, applying quick, forceful pumps.
- Aim for a compression rate of 100-120 compressions per minute to ensure optimal blood circulation.
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Rescue Breaths
Rescue breaths, also known as artificial ventilation, involve delivering breaths into the victim's lungs to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. By opening the airway and providing adequate ventilation, rescue breaths ensure that oxygen reaches the lungs and is circulated throughout the body, supporting cellular function and preventing tissue damage.
Steps to perform rescue breathing correctly:
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- Ensure the victim's airway is open, employing appropriate maneuvers for suspected spine or neck injuries.
- Pinch the person's nose shut and cover their mouth with yours to create an airtight seal.
- Deliver a breath lasting about one second, causing the victim's chest to rise visibly.
- Allow the person to exhale naturally before repeating the process.
- Monitor the chest rise to ensure proper ventilation without overinflating the lungs.
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